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G-flat Major

Pitch 1 is lower than 2

Pitches G major D major
[D, E, F-sharp, G]
WWH pattern		 Tetrachord 2 Tetrachord 1
Quality Major Minor Diminished Augmented
Label G g g° G+
eighths sixteenths thirty-seconds sixty-fourths
Eighth note stem up
Sixteenth note stem up
32nd note stem up
64th note stem up
Eighth note stem down
Sixteenth note stem down
32nd note stem down
64th note stem down
Note values with flags
Triad Spacing
Triad Spacing
Triad Doubling
Triad Doubling
Beat Quarter note
ONE		 Quarter note
TWO		 Quarter note
THREE
First division beamed eigths
ONE  la  le		 beamed eigths
TWO  la  le		 beamed eigths
THREE  la  le
Second division six beamed sixteenths
ONE ta la ta le ta		 six beamed sixteenths
TWO ta la ta le ta		  six beamed sixteenths
THREE ta la ta le ta
Beat Quarter note
ONE		 Quarter note
TWO		 Quarter note
THREE		 Quarter note
FOUR
First division beamed eigths
ONE  la  le		 beamed eigths
TWO  la  le		 beamed eigths
THREE  la  le		 beamed eigths
FOUR la  le
Second division six beamed sixteenths
ONE ta la ta le ta		 six beamed sixteenths
TWO ta la ta le ta		  six beamed sixteenths
THREE ta la ta le ta		  six beamed sixteenths
FOUR ta la ta le ta
Beat Quarter note
ONE		 Quarter note
TWO		 Quarter note
THREE		 Quarter note
FOUR
First division beamed eigths
ONE  la  le		 beamed eigths
TWO  la  le		 beamed eigths
THREE  la  le		 beamed eigths
FOUR la  le
Second division six beamed sixteenths
ONE ta la ta le ta		 six beamed sixteenths
TWO ta la ta le ta		  six beamed sixteenths
THREE ta la ta le ta		  six beamed sixteenths
FOUR ta la ta le ta
Beat Quarter note
ONE		 Quarter note
TWO		 Quarter note
THREE		 Quarter note
FOUR
First division beamed eigths
ONE  and		 beamed eigths
TWO  and		 beamed eigths
THREE  and		 beamed eigths
FOUR  and
Second division four beamed sixteenths
ONE e and a		 four beamed sixteenths
TWO e and a		 four beamed sixteenths
THREE e and a		 four beamed sixteenths
FOUR e and a

Remember

  • The positions of the seventh chord are indicated with the following figured bass symbols:
7 root position
6
5		 first inversion
4
3		 second inversion
2 third inversion

Remember:

White-key Triads:

  • Triad inversions should always be labeled as follows:
    6 first inversion
    6
    4    		 second inversion

Remember

The sum of the sizes of an interval and its inversion always equals 9

  • Unisons invert into octaves (1 + 8 = 9)
    Seconds invert into sevenths (2 + 7 = 9)
    Thirds invert into sixths (3 + 6 = 9)
    Fourths invert into fifths (4 + 5 = 9)
    Fifths invert into fourths (5 + 4 = 9)
    Sixths invert into thirds (6 + 3 = 9)
    Sevenths invert into seconds (7 + 2 = 9)
    Octaves invert into unisons (8 + 1 = 9)

Remember:

  1. Do not double the leading tone of the key.
  2. Second inversion chords are used sparingly, usually in cadential situations, as pedal tones, or to facilitate smooth motion in the bass voice.
  3. Diminished chords are virtually always utilized in first inversion.
Remember

White-key Triads:

  1. The three white-key triads built above C, F and G are always major triads. Practice saying these out loud:
    • C E G is C major
    • F A C is F major
    • G B D is G major
  2. The three white-key triads built above D, E, and A are always minor triads. Practice saying these out loud:
    • D F A is D minor
    • E G B is E minor
    • A C E is A minor
  3. The white-key triad built above B is always a diminished triad. Remember that B "stands alone":
    • B D F is B diminished
Music Notation Systems
Alphabetic A B C D E F G
Syllabic la ti do re mi fa sol
Rule 1
    Odd numbered intervals will always go from space to space or line to line
Beat Quarter note
ONE		 Quarter note
TWO
First division beamed eigths
ONE  and		 beamed eigths
TWO  and
Second division four beamed sixteenths
ONE e and a		 four beamed sixteenths
TWO e and a
Beat Quarter note
ONE		 Quarter note
TWO		 Quarter note
THREE
First division beamed eigths
ONE  and		 beamed eigths
TWO  and		 beamed eigths
THREE  and
Second division four beamed sixteenths
ONE e and a		 four beamed sixteenths
TWO e and a		 four beamed sixteenths
THREE e and a

 

Beat Quarter note

ONE

 Quarter note

TWO

 Quarter note

THREE

 Quarter note

FOUR
First Division beamed eigths

ONE la le

 beamed eigths

TWO la le

 beamed eigths

THREE la le

 beamed eigths

FOUR la le
Second Division four beamed sixteenths

ONE ta la ta le ta

 four beamed sixteenths

TWO ta la ta le ta

 four beamed sixteenths

THREE ta la ta le ta

 four beamed sixteenths

FOUR ta la ta le ta
Scale Degree Scale Degree Name
1 tonic
2 supertonic
3 mediant
4 subdominant
5 dominant
6 submediant
7 leading tone
Major Minor
C major scale
C major scale		 C minor scale
C minor scale
G major scale
G major scale		 G minor scale
G minor scale
D major scale
D major scale		 D minor scale
D minor scale
A major scale
A major scale		 A minor scale
A minor scale
E major scale
E major scale		 E minor scale
E minor scale
B major scale
B major scale		 B minor scale
B minor scale
F sharp major scale
F sharp major scale		 F sharp minor scale
F sharp minor scale
C sharp major scale
C sharp major scale		 C sharp minor scale
C sharp minor scale
A-flat major scale
A-flat major scale		 A-flat minor scale
A-flat minor scale
E-flat major scale
E-flat major scale		 E-flat minor scale
E-flat minor scale
B-flat major scale
B-flat major scale		 B-flat minor scale
B-flat minor scale
F major scale
F major scale		 F minor scale
F minor scale
eighths sixteenths thirty-seconds sixty-fourths
Eighth note stem up
Sixteenth note stem up
32nd note stem up
64th note stem up
Eighth note stem down
Sixteenth note stem down
32nd note stem down
64th note stem down
Note values with flags

Other Seventh Chords

Seventh Chords Used in Western Music
Common name Chord on C Common symbols
on C		 Intervals from root Quality of consecutive thirds
Third Fifth Seventh 1st 2nd 3rd
Major seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c e g b>1 } }
Cmaj7
CM7
CΔ7
CΔ		 major perfect major major minor major
Minor seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c es g bes>1 } }
Cmin7
Cm7
C−7		 minor perfect minor minor major minor
Dominant seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c e g bes>1 } }
C7 major perfect minor major minor minor
Diminished seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c es ges beses>1 } }
Co7
Cdim7
Cm(♭7)♭5
C-(♭7)♭5		 minor diminished diminished minor minor minor
Half-diminished seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c es ges bes>1 } }
Cm7♭5
C−7♭5
Cø		 minor diminished minor minor minor major
Minor major seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c es g b>1 } }
Cmmaj7
CmM7
CmΔ7
C−Δ7		 minor perfect major minor major major
Augmented major seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c e gis b>1 } }
Cmaj7♯5
C+M7
C+Δ7		 major augmented major major major minor

Other Seventh Chords

Seventh Chords Used in Western Music
Common name Chord on C Common symbols
on C		 Intervals from root Quality of consecutive thirds
Third Fifth Seventh 1st 2nd 3rd
Major seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c e g b>1 } }
Cmaj7
CM7
CΔ7
CΔ		 major perfect major major minor major
Minor seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c es g bes>1 } }
Cmin7
Cm7
C−7		 minor perfect minor minor major minor
Dominant seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c e g bes>1 } }
C7 major perfect minor major minor minor
Diminished seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c es ges beses>1 } }
Co7
Cdim7
Cm(♭7)♭5
C-(♭7)♭5		 minor diminished diminished minor minor minor
Half-diminished seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c es ges bes>1 } }
Cm7♭5
C−7♭5
Cø		 minor diminished minor minor minor major
Minor major seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c es g b>1 } }
Cmmaj7
CmM7
CmΔ7
C−Δ7		 minor perfect major minor major major
Augmented major seventh
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 <c e gis b>1 } }
Cmaj7♯5
C+M7
C+Δ7		 major augmented major major major minor
Name Scale Sharps Key Signature Listen
A minor A Minor scale
A minor scale		 0 A minor key signature
A minor key signature
E minor E Minor scale
E minor scale		 1 E minor key signature
E minor key signature
B minor B Minor scale
B minor scale		 2 B minor key signature
B minor key signature
F-sharp minor F-sharp Minor scale
F-sharp minor scale		 3 F-sharp minor key signature
F-sharp minor key signature
C-sharp minor C-sharp Minor scale
C-sharp minor scale		 4 C-sharp minor key signature
C-sharp minor key signature
G-sharp minor G-sharp Minor scale
G-sharp minor scale		 5 G-sharp minor key signature
G-sharp minor key signature
D-sharp minor D-sharp Minor scale
D-sharp minor scale		 6 D-sharp minor key signature
D-sharp minor key signature
A-sharp minor A-sharp Minor scale
A-sharp minor scale		 7 A-sharp minor key signature
A-sharp minor key signature
Name Scale Flats Key Signature Listen
A minor A Minor scale
A minor scale		 0 A minor key signature
A minor key signature
D minor D Flat Minor scale
D Flat minor scale		 1 D minor key signature
D minor key signature
G minor G Minor scale
G minor scale		 2 G minor key signature
G minor key signature
C minor C Minor scale
C minor scale		 3 C minor key signature
C minor key signature
F minor F Minor scale
F minor scale		 4 F minor key signature
F minor key signature
B-flat minor B-flat Minor scale
B-flat minor scale		 5 B-flat minor key signature
B-flat minor key signature
E-flat minor E-flat Minor scale
E-flat minor scale		 6 E-flat minor key signature
E-flat minor key signature
A-flat minor A-flat Minor scale
A-flat minor scale		 7 A-flat minor key signature
A-flat minor key signature
Name Scale Sharps Key Signature Listen
C major C major scale
C major scale		 0 C major key signature
C major key signature
G major G major scale
G major scale		 1 G major key signature
G major key signature
D major D major scale
D major scale		 2 D major key signature
D major key signature
A major A major scale
A major scale		 3 A major key signature
A major key signature
E major E major scale
E major scale		 4 E major key signature
E major key signature
B major B major scale
B major scale		 5 B major key signature
B major key signature
F-sharp major F-sharp major scale
F-sharp major scale		 6 F-sharp major key signature
F-sharp major key signature
C-sharp major C-sharp major scale
C-sharp major scale		 7 C-sharp major key signature
C-sharp major key signature