LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, students will be able to do the following:

Discuss the various meanings of the word "soul" used by African Americans during the 1960s.
Identify pioneering performers and list some of their contributions to the development of soul music.
Compare and contrast the music characteristics of Memphis and Motown Soul and support their arguments with specific performances.
Summarize the significance and history of specific record labels that helped to establish and disseminate soul music.
Articulate influences of gospel music on the development of soul music.
Differentiate between the soul music in different national regions and discuss their peculiar sounds and contributions to the genre

Memphis/Southern Soul 2: Song Comparison: "It Must Be Jesus" and "I Got a Woman"

Table 20.1: Comparison of “It Must Be Jesus” with “I Got a Woman”
Title: “It Must Be Jesus” ♫ (1954) Performer: The Southern Tones	Title: “I Got a Woman”♫ (1955) Performer: Ray Charles
LYRICS The lyrics are about Jesus. He (Jesus) is taking names, healing people, He helps people with difficult circumstances.	LYRICS The lyrics are about a woman. He says she is a very good woman, helps him financially, and loves him in all situations.
INSTRUMENTATION Voices (quartet/quintet), guitar, and drums	INSTRUMENTATION Voice, background singers, piano, guitar, bass, and drums, trumpets, trombones, and saxophones (i.e., a large band)
TEMPO Moderate (slower than Charles's "I Got A Woman")	TEMPO Fast (faster than The Southern Tones "It Must Be Jesus")
VOCAL CHARACTERISTICS The lead singer uses his natural, full-throated, and sometimes falsetto voice; at times he shouts; He also performs vocal dramatically using crescendo, diminuendo, soft vs. shouts, ascending and descending melodic contours. The background singers respond in harmony to the lead singer's call; from 01:34 to 02:28 the background singers "vamp in harmony" while the lead singer and bass singer perform a call-and-response pattern, and thus one can hear three separate parts.	VOCAL CHARACTERISTICS The lead singer uses his natural, full-throated, and sometimes falsetto voice; at times he shouts; From 02:26 till the end of the song the lead singer vocally improvises as well as what appears to be singing lyrics extemporarily.
INSTRUMENT CHARACTERISTICS The instruments are playing a minimal accompaniment (a typical characteristic in the male quartet singing style).	INSTRUMENT CHARACTERISTICS The horn section plays a one bar response to the lead singer's call throughout the entire song. A person plays the tambourine throughout most of the song. At 01:05, there is a saxophone solo.
PERFORMANCE PRACTICES The bass singer has a specific part (a typical practice in the male quartet singing style).	PERFORMANCE PRACTICES The background singers handclap the backbeat throughout most of the song. At 02:26, women are shouting response affirmations such as "yes," "alright," and "feel alright," to the lead singer's call.

A Change is Gonna Come

I was born by the river
In a little tent
Oh, and just like the river, I've been runnin'
Ever since
It's been a long
A long time comin', but I know
A change gon' come
Oh, yes it will

Long Walk to D.C.

It's a long walk to DC but I've got my walking shoes on
I can't take a plane, passer train, because my money ain't that long
America we believe, oh that you love us still
So people I'm gonna be under to wipe away my tears